

Mānuka honey is one of nature’s most extraordinary gifts, celebrated for its unique properties, rich flavour, and versatility in health and wellness. While honey is often regarded as one of the few foods that can last indefinitely, questions may arise about whether Mānuka honey, specifically, can expire or go bad. In this article, we will delve into the longevity of Mānuka honey, explore the factors that contribute to its shelf life, and address how to store it properly to maintain its quality over time.
The Unique Properties of Mānuka Honey
Mānuka honey is produced by bees that pollinate the Mānuka bush (Leptospermum scoparium), a plant native to New Zealand and parts of Australia. What sets it apart from other types of honey is its high concentration of methylglyoxal (MGO), a compound responsible for its potent antimicrobial properties. This, along with its natural acidity and low moisture content, contributes to Mānuka honey's long shelf life and resistance to spoilage.
Can Mānuka Honey Expire?
While Mānuka honey does not have a strict expiration date, it is important to note that it can undergo changes over time. These changes typically do not make the honey unsafe to consume, but they may alter its taste, texture, appearance, or the MGO content may increase or decrease, depending on storage conditions.
Manufacturers often include a "best before" date on jars of Mānuka honey, which usually spans two to five years from the production date. This date serves as a guideline for optimal quality rather than an indicator of safety. Even after this period, properly stored Mānuka honey remains safe to eat.
Why Does Mānuka Honey Last So Long?
The longevity of Mānuka honey is attributed to its unique chemical composition:
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Low Water Content: Honey naturally has a low water activity, which inhibits the growth of bacteria and mould.
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Natural Acidity: With a pH between 3.2 and 4.5, honey creates an environment unsuitable for most microorganisms.
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Methylglyoxal (MGO): The antimicrobial properties of MGO add an additional layer of protection against spoilage.
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Hydrogen Peroxide Production: Enzymes in honey produce small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, contributing to its antimicrobial qualities.
These factors make Mānuka honey highly resistant to microbial growth and spoilage under normal conditions.
Signs Your Mānuka Honey May Have Deteriorated
Although Mānuka honey does not spoil in the traditional sense, it can deteriorate over time if improperly stored. Here are a few signs that your Mānuka honey may have undergone changes:
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Crystallisation: Over time, honey can crystallise as glucose separates from water. This is a natural process and does not indicate spoilage. Crystallised honey can be returned to its original state by gently warming the jar in a water bath.
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Colour Changes: Mānuka honey may darken slightly with age. This is a natural occurrence and does not affect its quality or safety.
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Altered Texture: Older honey may become thicker or grainier over time.
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Taste Changes: While still safe to eat, aged honey may develop a slightly different flavour profile.
How to Store Mānuka Honey
Proper storage is key to maintaining the quality of Mānuka honey. Here are some tips to ensure its longevity:
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Keep it Cool: Store Mānuka honey in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Room temperature, between 18°C and 24°C, is ideal.
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Avoid Refrigeration: Refrigerating honey is unnecessary and may cause it to crystallise more quickly.
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Seal it Properly: Always ensure the jar is tightly sealed after use to prevent exposure to air and moisture, which can affect its consistency.
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Use a Clean Spoon: Avoid introducing contaminants by using a clean, dry spoon to scoop out honey.
Does Mānuka Honey Lose its Potency?
Mānuka honey’s potency, specifically its MGO content, can degrade over time, particularly if it is exposed to heat, light, or moisture. To preserve the unique benefits of Mānuka honey, such as its antibacterial properties, proper storage is crucial.
Conclusion
Mānuka honey is a remarkable product with a shelf life that surpasses most other foods, thanks to its natural composition and antimicrobial properties. While it does not technically expire, it can experience changes in taste, texture, and potency over time. By following simple storage guidelines, you can ensure that your jar of Mānuka honey remains a valuable and enjoyable part of your pantry for months, or even years.
So, does Mānuka honey expire or go bad? In short, no - not in the way most foods do. Properly stored, it is a durable and resilient product, worthy of its reputation as one of nature’s finest creations.
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